The main types of birth are vaginal birth, assisted vaginal birth (using forceps or a vacuum), and cesarean birth (c-section), which may be planned or unplanned. Alongside these, you'll make choices about pain relief and where to give birth. There's no single "best" way to give birth — the right option depends on your health, your baby, your preferences, and your provider's advice.
This guide explains each type of birth and the main choices around it, so you can have an informed conversation with your provider and think through a birth plan. It's for general understanding, not medical advice for your specific situation.
Vaginal birth
A vaginal birth is the most common way babies are born, and for many pregnancies it's the default when there are no complications. Labor progresses through stages as the cervix opens and you push your baby out.
- What to expect: labor length varies widely, especially between first and later births. Your care team monitors you and your baby throughout.
- Recovery: recovery is often quicker than after a cesarean, though a tender perineum and stitches are common.
- Good to know: even a planned vaginal birth can change course if your provider has concerns for you or your baby.
Assisted vaginal birth
Sometimes a vaginal birth needs help in the final stage, using instruments to guide your baby out safely:
- Vacuum (ventouse): a soft or firm cup attached to the baby's head helps guide them out during contractions.
- Forceps: smooth, tong-like instruments cradle the baby's head to help delivery.
Assisted birth is used when labor stalls in the pushing stage or there are concerns about the baby, and your provider will explain why if it's recommended.
Cesarean birth (c-section)
A cesarean delivers the baby through a surgical incision in the abdomen and uterus. It can be planned in advance or unplanned:
- Planned (elective) cesarean: scheduled ahead of time for medical reasons — such as the baby's position, placenta position, or certain health conditions — or sometimes by choice after discussion with a provider.
- Unplanned cesarean: decided during labor if a vaginal birth becomes unsafe or labor isn't progressing.
- Recovery: because it's major abdominal surgery, recovery takes longer, with more restrictions on lifting and activity in the early weeks.
A cesarean can be a life-saving procedure, and needing one is never a failure. What matters is a safe birth for you and your baby.
Water birth
Some people choose to labor or give birth in a birth pool of warm water, at home or in birth settings that offer it.
- Why some choose it: warm water can be soothing and may help with relaxation and pain during labor.
- Considerations: water birth isn't suitable for every pregnancy, and availability depends on your birth setting and risk factors.
If a water birth interests you, discuss whether it's a safe option for your pregnancy with your provider.
Pain relief options
You have choices for managing labor pain, and there's no right or wrong preference — many people also change their minds during labor, which is completely fine:
- Epidural: a regional anesthetic that numbs the lower body and is one of the most effective forms of labor pain relief.
- Other medical options: gas (such as nitrous oxide) or other medications may be available depending on your setting.
- Non-medical comfort measures: movement, breathing techniques, water, massage, and support from a partner or doula can all help.
Learning your options ahead of time helps you make choices that feel right in the moment.
VBAC: vaginal birth after cesarean
If you've had a cesarean before, you may be able to plan a vaginal birth next time — known as a VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean).
- Often possible: many people who've had one cesarean can safely attempt a vaginal birth, depending on their history.
- Individual decision: whether VBAC is suitable depends on factors like the reason for your previous cesarean and your current pregnancy.
Your provider can talk through the benefits and considerations for your specific situation.
Where you give birth
Birth settings vary, and the right choice depends on your risk level, preferences, and what's available near you:
- Hospital: offers the full range of medical support and is recommended for higher-risk pregnancies.
- Birth center: a more home-like setting, usually for lower-risk pregnancies, often with quick transfer to a hospital if needed.
- Home birth: chosen by some for low-risk pregnancies; the safety of this option depends on your circumstances and support, so discuss it carefully with a provider.
Making a birth plan
A birth plan is a simple way to note your preferences — pain relief, who's with you, and how you'd like things to go. A few tips:
- Keep it flexible: births are unpredictable, and a good plan allows for changes if your provider recommends them.
- Focus on what matters to you: comfort, environment, and support preferences are all worth noting.
- Discuss it early: share it with your provider so everyone's on the same page.
The goal of any birth plan is the same: a safe, supported experience for you and your baby, however your birth unfolds.
Keep reading
To prepare for what comes next, see our guides on postpartum recovery, preparing for your newborn's arrival, and the complete guide to newborn care.
Frequently asked questions
What are the main types of birth?
The main types are vaginal birth, assisted vaginal birth (using a vacuum or forceps), and cesarean birth (c-section), which can be planned or unplanned. Alongside these you'll make choices about pain relief and where to give birth. The right option depends on your health, your baby, and your provider's advice.
Is a vaginal birth or a c-section better?
Neither is universally "better" — each is the safest choice in different situations. A vaginal birth often has a quicker recovery, while a cesarean can be essential and even life-saving when it's needed. The right option depends on your pregnancy, and it's decided with your provider.
What is an assisted vaginal birth?
It's a vaginal birth where instruments help guide the baby out in the final stage — either a vacuum (ventouse) cup or forceps. It's used when labor stalls during pushing or there are concerns about the baby, and your provider will explain if it's recommended.
Can I have a vaginal birth after a c-section?
Often, yes — this is called a VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean). Many people who've had one cesarean can safely attempt a vaginal birth, depending on their history and current pregnancy. Your provider can talk through whether it's suitable for you.
Do I have to decide my birth plan in advance?
A birth plan helps you think through your preferences, but it should stay flexible — births are unpredictable and plans often change for safety. Note what matters to you, discuss it with your provider early, and be open to adjustments on the day.
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The right type of birth and pain relief for you depends on your individual health and pregnancy, and should be decided together with your healthcare provider. If you have questions or concerns about your birth options, please speak with a qualified professional. See our full medical disclaimer.
Written by the Babbez Editorial Team. Sources: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Mayo Clinic, NHS.