Labor happens in three stages: the first stage (early, active, and transition, when the cervix opens), the second stage (pushing and the birth of your baby), and the third stage (delivering the placenta). For a first birth, labor often lasts many hours, and it usually begins gradually. Knowing the stages — and the signs that labor is starting — helps you feel more prepared for the day.
This guide walks through the signs of labor, each stage step by step, when to head to your birth setting, and the warning signs that mean you should call your provider straight away. It's for general understanding, not medical advice for your pregnancy.
Signs that labor is starting
Labor can begin in different ways, and the early signs vary from person to person. Common signs include:
- Regular contractions that get stronger, longer, and closer together over time.
- A "show": the mucus plug coming away, sometimes tinged with blood.
- Your water breaking — a gush or a slow trickle of fluid.
- A low, dull backache or period-like cramps.
Some signs appear days before labor, others just hours before. If you're unsure whether labor has started, your provider can help you decide over the phone.
True labor vs. false labor (Braxton Hicks)
In the weeks before birth, many people feel Braxton Hicks — "practice" contractions that can be mistaken for labor. Telling them apart helps:
- Braxton Hicks (false labor): irregular, don't get closer together, often ease with rest, movement, or a change of position, and usually aren't painful.
- True labor: contractions come at regular intervals, get closer together, grow stronger, and continue no matter what you do.
A simple guide: if contractions fade when you move or rest, it's likely false labor; if they build and keep coming, labor may be starting. When in doubt, call your provider.
First stage: early, active, and transition
The first stage is the longest, and it has three phases as the cervix gradually opens (dilates):
- Early labor: mild, spaced-out contractions as the cervix begins to open. This phase can last a while — rest, stay hydrated, eat lightly, and conserve energy at home if your provider agrees.
- Active labor: contractions become stronger, longer, and closer together, and the cervix opens more quickly. This is usually when you head to your birth setting.
- Transition: the shortest but most intense phase, as the cervix finishes opening. Contractions are strong and close together; support and breathing really help here.
Second stage: pushing and birth
The second stage begins when the cervix is fully open and ends when your baby is born:
- The urge to push: many people feel a strong urge to push. Your care team guides you on when and how.
- Birth of your baby: with each push, your baby moves down and out. This stage can take minutes to a few hours, especially for a first birth.
- Meeting your baby: once born, your baby is often placed on your chest for skin-to-skin contact.
Third stage: delivering the placenta
After your baby arrives, the third stage is the delivery of the placenta:
- Mild contractions continue and help the placenta separate and come out.
- This stage is usually short and can be managed actively (with medication to speed it up) or physiologically, which you can discuss in advance.
- Your provider checks that the placenta is complete and manages any bleeding.
Managing pain and staying comfortable
You have options throughout labor, and there's no right or wrong choice:
- Comfort measures: movement, position changes, a birth ball, warm water, massage, and steady breathing.
- Medical pain relief: options such as an epidural or gas may be available depending on your setting.
- Support: a partner, doula, or support person can make a real difference to how labor feels.
It's fine to change your mind during labor — do what helps you cope in the moment.
When to go to your birth setting
Your provider will give you guidance tailored to your pregnancy, but common advice is to head in when:
- Contractions are strong, regular, and about 5 minutes apart, lasting around 1 minute, for at least 1 hour (often called the 5-1-1 guide) — or sooner if your provider advises.
- Your water breaks, especially if the fluid is green, brown, or you're not full term.
- You're in a lot of pain, live far from your birth setting, or simply feel you need to be there.
Always follow the specific instructions your provider gives you, as guidance varies with each pregnancy.
Warning signs: call your provider right away
Contact your provider or your birth setting immediately — don't wait — if you have:
- Heavy vaginal bleeding (not just a bloody show).
- Your water breaking with green or brown fluid, which can signal the baby needs attention.
- Reduced or no baby movements.
- Severe, constant pain, or a severe headache, vision changes, or swelling.
- Signs of preterm labor — regular contractions before 37 weeks.
Trust your instincts. If something feels wrong at any point, it's always right to call.
Keep reading
To understand your options and what comes next, see our guides on types of birth, postpartum recovery, and preparing for your newborn's arrival.
Frequently asked questions
What are the signs of labor?
Common signs include regular contractions that get stronger and closer together, the mucus plug coming away (a "show"), your water breaking, and a low backache or cramps. Some signs appear days before labor and others just hours before. If you're unsure, call your provider.
What are the stages of labor?
Labor has three stages: the first stage (early, active, and transition, as the cervix opens), the second stage (pushing and the birth of your baby), and the third stage (delivering the placenta). The first stage is usually the longest, especially for a first birth.
How do I know if it's true labor or Braxton Hicks?
Braxton Hicks (false labor) contractions are irregular, don't get closer together, and often ease with rest or movement. True labor contractions come at regular intervals, get stronger and closer together, and continue no matter what you do. When in doubt, call your provider.
When should I go to the hospital in labor?
A common guide is when contractions are about 5 minutes apart, lasting around 1 minute, for at least 1 hour (the 5-1-1 guide) — or sooner if advised. Go in right away if your water breaks with green or brown fluid, you have heavy bleeding, or reduced baby movements. Always follow your provider's specific instructions.
How long does labor last?
Labor length varies widely. For a first birth it often lasts many hours, and it's usually shorter in later births. Early labor can be long and gradual, while transition and pushing are typically shorter. Your care team monitors your progress throughout.
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Every labor is different, and some signs are medical emergencies. Always follow the guidance your healthcare provider gives you for your pregnancy, and contact them or your birth setting right away if you have any concerns or warning signs. See our full medical disclaimer.
Written by the Babbez Editorial Team. Sources: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Mayo Clinic, NHS.